.NET/Java PDF, Tiff, Barcode SDK Library

A function such as multiplyByFactor that stores its enclosing scopes is called a closure. If, for some reason, you re using Python 2.1, you have to add the following line at the beginning of your program: from __future__ import nested_scopes In older versions of Python, variables from surrounding nested scopes are not available. You get an error message like this: >>> double = multiplier(2) >>> double(2) Traceback (innermost last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in File "<stdin>", line 3, in multiplyByFactor NameError: factor Because old versions of Python only have local and global scopes, and factor is not a local variable in multiplyByFactor, Python assumes that it must be a global variable. But it isn t, so you get an exception. To store a variable from an enclosing scope, you can use a trick storing it as a default value:

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YAML (standing for YAML Ain t Markup Language) is a special text-based markup language that was designed as a data serialization format that s readable by humans. You can use it in a similar way to PStore to serialize data structures, but unlike PStore s data, humans can easily read YAML data, and even directly edit it with a text editor and a basic knowledge of YAML syntax. The YAML library comes as part of Ruby s standard library, so it s easy to use. Unlike PStore, though, the YAML library converts data structures to and from YAML and doesn t

Now, in the Key Point (Bene t) column, write headlines that explain how aiming for three goals will help your audience hit the marks they want By choosing to answer the question How you make this an explanatory presentation rather than a persuasive one, as explained in 5, which makes this presentation feel more like a consultative educational session than a stereotypical sales pitch But even more important, this structure de nes and elevates the three most important bene ts as the client sees them from the context of Act I: Key Point 1 Hit better sales numbers with Service X Key Point 2 Hit better margins with Service Y Key Point 3 Hit better customer ratings with Service Z.

provide a hash to use, so the technique is a little different. This example writes an array of objects to disk:

require 'yaml' class Person attr_accessor :name, :age end fred = Person.new fred.name = "Fred Bloggs" fred.age = 45 laura = Person.new laura.name = "Laura Smith" laura.age = 23 test_data = [ fred, laura ] puts YAML::dump(test_data)

Here the bene ts for the audience have been tightly integrated into the wording of the headlines to bring these bene ts to the top level of the audience s attention You de nitely will talk about your services throughout the rest of the Act II columns, but now each of three Key Point (Bene t) slides makes it clear how any and all of the information in the presentation is important to the audience This ensures that from the start, your audience is perfectly clear about the answer to the continuing question, What s in this for me If your service or product has more than three bene ts, you can easily make the presentation modular be creating more Key Point sections and hiding the slides that do not apply or interest any particular client..

You use YAML::dump to convert your Person object array into YAML data, which, as you should agree, is extremely readable! YAML::load performs the operation in the other direction, turning YAML code into working Ruby objects. For example, let s modify the YAML data a little and see if it translates back into working objects:

The final type of string constant is the Unicode string (or Unicode object they don t really belong to the same type as strings). If you don t know what Unicode is, you probably don t need to know about this. (If you want to find out more about it, you can go to the Unicode Web site, www.unicode.org.) Normal strings in Python are stored internally as 8-bit ASCII, while Unicode strings are stored as 16-bit Unicode. This allows for a more varied set of characters, including special characters from most languages in the world. I ll restrict my treatment of Unicode strings to the following: >>> u'Hello, world!' u'Hello, world!' As you can see, Unicode strings use the prefix u, just as raw strings use the prefix r.

--- !ruby/object:Person age: 45 name: Jimmy - !ruby/object:Person age: 23 name: Laura Smith END_OF_DATA test_data = YAML::load(yaml_string) puts test_data[0].name puts test_data[1].name

Here YAML::load converts the YAML data back into the test_data array of Person objects successfully. You can use YAML to convert between most types of Ruby objects (including basic types such as Array and Hash) and YAML and back. This makes it an ideal intermediary format for storing data (such as configuration files) your applications need to access.

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